作为维生素A合成的前体,类胡萝卜素对于人类的营养和健康来说至关重要。因此,提高食物中类胡萝卜素含量不仅能够提高食物营养品质,而且对于改善贫困地区饮食营养缺乏的现状,减缓眼部疾病和其他维生素A缺乏症具有重要的意义。最近,意大利科学家利用CRISPR/Cas9编辑番茄中的类胡萝卜素基因以测试该技术在番茄中的效率和特异性。
Psy和CrtR-b2是类胡萝卜素生物合成途径中的两个关键基因。番茄中的Psy基因具有促进番茄红素的积累的功能,该基因的功能缺失会导致番茄果实由红色变成黄色;而CrtR-b2基因能够促使番茄花瓣中的β-胡萝卜素转化成叶黄素,该基因的功能缺失会导致番茄花瓣由亮黄变成浅黄色。对这两个基因的编辑效果能够从植株表型水平上清晰地观察到。研究人员分别针对Psy和CrtR-b2基因的靶标区域设计了两个gRNA,并构建了CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑载体转化番茄栽培种RedSetter。表型调查和分子检测结果表明,番茄整体基因编辑效率达到84%,其中69%的植株因纯合变异而表现出表型的变化。
该研究显示了CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在番茄性状改良中的应用前景。
TransgenicResearch,24May
CRISPR/Cas9editingofcarotenoidgenesintomato
Author
CaterinaD’Ambrosio,AdrianaLuciaStigliani,GiovanniGiorio
MetapontumAgrobiosResearchCentre,AgenziaLucanaperloSviluppoel’InnovazioneinAgricoltura,Italy
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9technologyisrapidlyspreadingasgenomeeditingsystemincropbreeding.TheefficacyofCRISPR/Cas9intomatowastestedonPsy1andCrtR-b2,twokeygenesofcarotenoidbiosynthesis.Carotenoidsareplantsecondarymetabolitesthatmustbepresentinthedietofhigheranimalsbecausetheyexertirreplaceablefunctionsinimportantphysiologicalprocesses.Psy1andCrtR-b2werechosenbecausetheirimpairmentiseasilydetectableasachangeoffruitorflowercolor.TwoCRISPR/Cas9constructsweredesignedtotargetneighboringsequencesonthefirstexonofeachgene.Thirty-fouroutofforty-nine(69%)transformedplantsshowedtheexpectedloss-of-functionphenotypesduetotheeditingofbothallelesofalocus.However,byincludingthesevenplantseditedonlyatoneofthetwohomologsandshowinganormalphenotype,theeditingratereachesthe84%.Althoughnonechimericphenotypewasobserved,thecloningoftargetregionamplifiedfragmentsrevealedthatinthe40%ofanalyzedDNAsampleswerepresentmorethantwoalleles.Asconcerningthetypeofmutation,itwaspossibletoidentify34newdifferentallelesacrossthefourtransformationexperiments.ThesequencecharacterizationoftheCRISPR/Cas9-inducedmutationsshowedthatthemostfrequentrepairerrorsweretheinsertionandthedeletionofonebase.TheresultsofthisstudyprovethattheCRISPRCas9systemcanbeanefficientandquickmethodforthegenerationofusefulmutationsintomatotobeimplementedinbreedingprograms.
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